Agonistic Expression Wolf Study

Wolves use a wide range of facial expressions to convey intent and disposition; a mixture of fear and aggression is termed agonism. The outwards turned ears are indicative of submission or fear, whilst exposed canines and bulging forehead muscles show the wolf is still capable of attacking. A display such as this is often observed between pack members, but can also be observed in encounters with humans if the animal feels threatened or (on rare occasions) is investigating a potential food source.